Map and Geoinformation Curators Group (MAGIC)

Groupe des Cartothecaires de LIBER History

Some of the links in this page do not currently work. I am slowly working on rebuilding this site, but it is something I work on in my limited free time! I welcome your patience.

From Round Table to Conference
On the initiative of Ib Roenne Kejlbo, the Maplibrarian of the Danish Royal Library, and under the aegis of LIBER, a Roundtable Conference was organized for senior and junior staff members of Map departments. After some deliberations discussions were to be focused on cataloguing problems, ISBD(CM) in particular, problems regarding micro-copying, conservation problems, and training and education of map librarians. The conference would be restricted to 25-30 persons … “and it is hoped that the participants will be both experts and staff members of map departments who have just recently started their work there”. There were then still many map-departments who had to run with inexperienced staff!

As the conference -which took place between 26-28 April 1978- was organized on a rather short notice many maplibrarians couldn’t attend because they had obligations around the same dates elsewhere. But those who could attend (some 18 participants from 8 countries) were more than satisfied about this try-out. The organizers coaxed LIBER into publishing two papers about conservation and micro-copying in the Liber Bulletin. The basic feeling about the conference was well voices by Mrs. Wilkes of the National Library of Scotland. She was glad to be able to report that not only the new world (America, Canada, Australia) could organize their mapcurators, but that now also Europe had proven that it could organize them as well. At the same time she proposed an exchange of staff between Scotland and Denmark “in order to broaden our ideas and to help solve problems”.

What struck participants most was the friendly and informal atmosphere, which made it easier to exchange professional opinions and experiences. In this the staff of the Danish Royal Library has set a precedent which has been followed ever since as best as possible. They also held a little inquiry afterwards about how feelings were about forming a regular maplibrarians group and what the topics to be handled should be. The results showed that obviously the group’s programme would have to be attuned with that of the IFLA, Geography & Map-library Section. However, in contrast with the latter, it was felt that the LIBER group should not be limited to libraries only, but that especially archives and map-producing agencies should be included as much as possible. Because of conference-expenses, as one wished also the smaller institutions to attend, a 2-year conference-cycle was wished for. To spread the knowledge which was exchanged during the conference as wide as possible it was felt that all papers should be published in the Liber-Bulletin and reports of the meetings in the relevant national and international journals. Though the informal atmosphere was cherished at the same time the need for wider participation was felt. To unite these last wishes would mean tension in future. Most of the wishes and ideas voiced then are still valid today and the topics of this first conference are incorporated in the present programme of actions.

As a result of this first meeting the then LIBER-President Mr. Humphries thought it to “be worthwhile considering the setting up of a group for map librarians within LIBER …”. His wish was fulfilled in 1980 in Paris where formally a ‘Groupe des Cartothécaires’ within LIBER was established. Though the organization was a bit haphazard, due to the short time available and the building up of an administrative organisation, it was a success because of the enthusiasm of the organizers and participants. Prior to this conference an ‘Inquiry about map accessions’ was held. The inquiry was concerned with the number of (professional) personnel available and the (dis)advantages of the sources of information (catalogues, lists, bibliographies etc. both for new and antiquarian maps) which were consulted for acquisitions. The 35 participants from 9 countries (plus an observer from Canada!) discussed this inquiry and the topic of reproduction (photocopy, photography and micrography). The conclusions of the inquiry were that there was insufficient personnel and that the sources of information, except for the too few national bibliographies, had to be used with care and precaution.
Another attraction of this conference might have been the possibility to visit the big exhibition in the Centre Georges Pompidou under the title “Cartes et figures de la terre”. Many probably still treasure the grand 479 page catalogue which went with it.

Thanks to the expedient way in which Monique Pelletier of the Bibliothèque National à Paris processed the papers they were soon after published in a special issue of the LIBER Bulletin.

Réunion de cartothécaires européens, Paris, 20-22 octobre 1980 by Monique Pelletier
Participants

Now that the group was established it didn’t take long before the next conference in Great-Britain was being organized. Many will have relished the fact that a preliminary notice was distributed one year in advance, making planning easier. The aim of this conference was three-fold: to introduce participants to the working of the British Ordnance Survey, to show a variety of map-repositories and to discuss problems of conserving and housing maps. Donald Moore, National Library of Wales, and Monique Pelletier did all they could to make an as interesting as possible conference and succeeded in getting some 28 persons from 6 countries to attend. They visited map-collections in Southampton, Cardiff and Oxford and had a fruitful exchange of views about conservation in Cardiff. Within 2 years the proceedings were again published in the LIBER Bulletin.

Report concerning the conference by Monique Pelletier.
Programme de la Réunion du 20 au 23 septembre 1982
Participants

Soon colleagues in The Netherlands were to know what the mapcurators group meant, thanks to the efforts of Monique Pelletier. To create continuity she started to make lists of correspondents in each country who would be kept informed of developments. This time discussion were to focus on cataloguing and automation and special problems of maps in archives. For some reason the attendance in 1984 suddenly was overwhelming, 54 persons from 12 countries. Maybe it was because the Netherlands boasted two unified automated cataloguing systems, of which one was specifically designed for maps? Or was it the fact that many antiquarian maps could be encountered there, the country having been predominant in map-producing in the 17th and early 18th century. However, most of the conference-time was spent with the topics on the agenda. Besides the automation of catalogue-titles it was the first time graphic indexes, which were distilled from a title-database, were shown. During the LIBER-meeting it was decided that the office of National Correspondent (NC) should be constituted. Some countries, a.o. Spain, have 2 NC’s due to regional differences of organisation. It was also decided that these NC’s would provide to the next meetings a national report concerning the developments in the 2 years before. This would give a good overall insight in European developments. Up till now this has proven a very valuable device for keeping up-to-date over a whole range of issues. Jim Elliot was able to publish the papers in 1986

Welcoming speech by C. Reedijk, Chief Librarian, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague.
Introduction by Monique Pelletier, Bibliothèque Nationale Paris, Président du Groupe des Cartothécaires de LIBER
Programme 4th LIBER Map Curators Group conference, 15-19 October 1984, The Netherlands
Participants

The present Secretary provided every corresponding member with a ‘list of correspondents’ in the hope that it could be updated with every circular that went out. Unfortunately this has proven impossible up till now. The next year another questionnaire was distributed, this time concerned with mapcuratorship in general. It focused mainly on the degree of national organisation, education, future conferences and news-distribution. There were some 44 responses from 13 countries, showing a terrible lack of training-facilities. In 1986 in Vienna, Austria, some 66 participants from 13 countries threw themselves again at the topic of conservation and storage, resulting in 14 papers giving practical points of view. The problems mapcurators have with this topic is shown in the fact that there is a lot of literature about restoration, but hardly any about special storage-equipment. This means that most collections create local solutions, on the premises themselves or in collaboration with local manufacturers. It will take still some time before the maps in most collections are stored properly in special map-furniture, but there was a lot learned during this conference.
To show again the broadmindedness of this group concerning its membership it was agreed during the LIBER-meeting that in future mapcurators of central and eastern Europe could participate in its conferences. Furthermore an ‘Archives Liaison Committee’ and a ‘Workinggroup for the Education of Mapcuratorship’ were constituted to create more permanence.

There was also a post-conference session concerning national bibliographies with the IFLA/ICA Joint Inter- Associational Working Group on Documentation in Cartography.

This time the publishing of the conference papers was very difficult. But after a lot of negotiations they were finally published in 1990 as the last issue of the LIBER bulletin.
Begrüssung von Magda Strebl, Generaldirektorin, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
Grussadresse von Franz Kroller, President of LIBER, Universitätsbibliothek Graz, Direktor
Einführung durch Franz Wawrik, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Kartensammlung-Globenmuseum, Wien
Ergebnisse der Tagung durch Helga Hühnel-Fischer, Elisabeth Zeilinger, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Kartensammlung-Globenmuseum, Wien

Based on an example of Monique Pelletier the Board sent out in 1987 an ‘Inquiry into map-use and user-habits in Europe’. For such a small group this was an ambitious project. Therefor it was very satisfying to report that there were almost 3,000 responses from the clientele of some 100 mapcollections. During that time there was also a request from Spain for information about mapcuratorgroups and their activities, showing that experience gained elsewhere was actually being exchanged.

In Sweden 1988 the programme was centred on questions concerning map-use and user-habits. Besides many papers there were also two sessions devoted to workshops and a general discussion. This was also the first time we could exchange views and experiences with colleagues from Poland and Hungary. Unfortunately, because of changes within the main LIBER-body, the papers could only only be published in 1991, including a report concerning the inquiry.

The next conference took place in Paris in 1990 and was concerned with ‘new technologies and their impact on mapcuratorship’. The Board had hoped new production-methods of maps and their problems also would be discussed, but were still satisfied with the wide variety of automated cataloguing which was offered. Some 6 systems were discussed and/or demonstrated ranging from PC-catalogue through custom-made systems to general bibliographical systems. Next to the national progress reports there was also a report on education and training over the past 2 years. This time there was a considerable contingent of participants coming from Barcelona and Madrid. They hosted the next conference in 1992, which took place in Barcelona, under the theme ‘Diffusion and promotion of cartographic materials’. More specific it concerned itself with problems of lending, facsimiles, carto-catalogues, acquisition, and directories of map-collections. In this context it is pleasant to see that the 6-year ‘curs Historìa de la cartografia’, organized a.o. by the Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, devotes about a third of its curriculum to the description of mapcollections and the organisation of mapcuratorship of all the six countries involved. A secondary benefit is that lists of descriptions of map- collections are being published which hitherto haven’t been available. The Spanish organizing committee did a grand survey of Spain and laid this down in a 199 p. report.

The Barcelona-conference however served two purposes: the conference itself and the IFLA-conference in 1993 in Barcelona. Here we return to the start of this group when the idea was voiced to attune programmes with the IFLA, Geography & Map Library Section. Some sessions in 1992 were devoted to problems concerning retro-conversion. This will be the enigma for the 1990’s. Everyone wants to have automated cataloguing c.q. documentation systems. But how to convert the traditional fiche-catalogues to the automated systems and where to get the finances to do so! Developments in the European field were presented to the IFLA in 1993 for a global review. One of the questions we try to solve is how we can profit from those catalogues in Europe which already have been converted. Especially when these are concerned with older material or antiquarian maps there are possibilities. It was also decided to have a more permanent exchange of information between the IFLA and LIBER mapcurator groups.
Report 9th conference, Zürich, Switzerland, 1994
Report 10th conference, Berlin, Germany, 1996
Report 11th conference, Kraków, Poland, 1998
Report 12th conference, København, Denmark, 2000
Report 13th conference, Helsinki, Finland, 2002
Report 14th conference, Cambridge, Great Britain, 2004
Report 15th conference, Paris, France, 2006
Report 16th conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2008 (French)

The mission statement of LIBER
The past few years Europe has been in turmoil. Unified and communal structures in central and eastern Europe are breaking down while at the same time Europe-1992 tries to break down boundaries between EC-countries and unify them more. These opposing developments create much uncertainty and tensions. It is felt that if western/southern Europe is not prepared to help central/eastern Europe a lot of our common cultural heritage may be lost. This may also be true for map-collections. LIBER tries to keep abreast of developments and tries to incorporate all of Europe’s research libraries into a single body. It is expanding its membership from central- and eastern Europe to the rate of these countries becoming member of the Council of Europe and thus abiding by its rules.
Though there have been contacts between western and eastern European mapcurators they were mainly on a personal or bi-lateral basis. I hope we can organize in the next 5-10 years a practical programme with which we can safeguard the eastern European collections as well as establish regular and open contacts with their curators, even though we know that our own means are not excessive. Furthermore the workinggroup will concentrate its programmes on education, retroconversion and services to the public, reflecting these on the programmes of the main LIBER-body and IFLA.

A vision for LIBER’s strategy 2003-2006

With thanks to Susan Vejlsgaard of the Danish Royal Library Map Room and Monique Pelletier of the Bibliothèque Nationale à Paris who both kept a meticulous archive during the gestation and first few years of this group.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Papers of conferences, arranged to subject, which are published in the Liber Bulletin (LB), the Liber Quarterly (LQ) or which will be published shortly (Forth.). The year is the year in which the conference took place.

ENQUETES / INQUIRIESACQUISITION
ARCHIVES
ARCHIVING (ELECTRONIC)
AUTOMATION (mainly catalogues)
BUILDING
CARTOGRAPHY see: ELECTRONIC MAPS, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, CARTOGRAPHY
CATALOGUING, METADATA, BIBLIOGRAPHY, INDEX-MAPPING, AND OPAC
CLASSIFICATION
COLLECTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS
CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION
DIGITIZING
EDUCATION
ELECTRONIC MAPS, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, CARTOGRAPHY
HISTORY
LEGAL DEPOSIT see: ARCHIVING (ELECTRONIC)
REPRODUCTION
RESTORATION see: CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION
SERVICES
TRANSITION FROM ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL
WORLD WIDE WEB

ENQUETES / INQUIRIES

  • 1979 Archier Edwige et Lucie Lagarde: Enquete sur les acquisition de cartes. LB 15, pp. 7-18
  • 1987 Smits, Jan: Report on the ‘Inquiry into map-use and user-habits’. LQ 3, pp. 283-310
  • 1990Wawrik, Franz: Basic and continued training of map curators. LQ 3(1), pp. 109-116. 1992
  • 2003Millea, Nick: The LIBER Groupe des Carthothécaires Map Library Usage Survey, Summer 2003: a Mandate for Change? LQ 15(2005)1. 2004
    See also the poster.
    Millea, Nick: Map library usage in Europe: A vision for the future? : an assessment of a questionnaire conducted during the summer of 2003. In: Journal of map & geography libraries, 1(2005)2, pp. 51-83
  • 2008 Results of the LIBER GdC Questionnaire 2008

ACQUISITION

ARCHIVES

  • Essen, R. van and C. Verlaan: Technical drawings in the reclaimed land. LB 28, pp. 50-62. 1984 
  • Hoste. Frans E. Ch.: Maps and technical drawings in archives – special problems and special solutions. LB 28, pp. 47-49. 1984
  • Rasmussen, Joergen Nybo: Karten und Zeichnungen im Dänischen Reichsarchiv – Probleme mit ihrer Registrierung und Aufbewahrung. LB 37, pp. 79-81. 1986

ARCHIVING (ELECTRONIC)

  • Böhler, Karl: Maintenance and archival storage of digital media. LQ 5(3), pp. 280-286. 1994
  • Bütikofer, Niklaus: Archiving electronic information: some aspects. LQ 5(3), pp. 274-279. 1994
  • Dupont, Henrik: Legal deposit in Denmark – the new law and electronic products. LQ 9(2), pp. 244-251. 1998.
  • Elliot, James D.: Digital map data: archiving and legal deposit implications for U.K. copyright map libraries. LQ 2(2), pp. 119-127. 1990
  • Fleet, Chris: The legal deposit of digital spatial data in the United Kingdom. LQ 13. 2003
  • Fleet, Chris: Ordnance Survey digital data in UK legal deposit libraries. LQ 9(2), pp. 235-243. 1998
  • Parry, R.B. (2002): Who’s saving the files? Towards a new role for local map collections? LQ 13(2003)
  • Stenvall, Jani (2002): The Challenge of Preserving Digital Maps. LQ 13(2003)

AUTOMATION (mainly catalogues)

  • Antonelli, Sue: “Breaking with conventions”: what does digital spatial data require? LQ 9(2), pp. 149-161. 1998
  • Babik, Wieslaw and Jadwiga Bzinkowska: The state and trends in the computerization of cartographic collections in Poland. LQ 2(2), pp. 163-168. 1990
  • Bzinkowska, Jadwiga: Implementation of The Virginia Technology Library System (VTLS) in the Jagiellonian Library and its Cartographic Department. LQ 5(3), pp. 337-341. 1994
  • Duchemin, Pierre-Yves: BN OPaline – the map database in the Department des Cartes et Plans de la Bibliothèque Nationale. History. LQ 3(1), pp. 23-35. 1990
  • Elliot, James: The British Library Map Library’s cartographic materials file. LQ 2(2), pp. 145-161. 1990 
  • Elliot, James: The use of OPACs (Online Public Access Catalogues) in map libraries. LQ 2(1), pp.169-174. 1988 
  • Fagg, Andrew, and Michael Ashworth: MODMAP – a solution for the automation of map library records or just the first step. (Not published) 1996
  • Feijen, Martin: Map cataloguing in the PICA environment. LB 22. pp. 11-12. 1984 
  • Morris, Barbara A., R.G. Healey and T.C. Waugh: From map catalogue to database with graphics in view. LB 28, pp. 22-29. 1984
  • Parkin, Murray: MODMAP, the automation of the UK Ministry of Defence Map Library card catalogue. LQ 3(1), pp. 67-75. 1992
  • Poplawska, Lucyna: A short introduction concerning the implementation of the Horizon system at the Nicholas Copernicus University Library in Toruñ. LQ 9(2), pp. 255-260. 1998
  • Smit, Anja: Cartographic material in the Pica library network – system description. LQ 2(2), pp. 176-191. 1990
  • Tatham, A.F.: Cartographic materials and ‘LIBERTAS’. LQ 2(2), pp. 169-175. 1990 
  • Tatham, Andrew: GEOCAP: the Geographical Collections Access Project at the Royal Geographical Society 1996-2000. (Not published) 1996
  • Tyacke, Sarah: Computer-based British Library map records. LB 28, pp. 17-21. 1984 
  • Velden, G.J.K.M., P.J.M. Douma and J.G. Zandstra: CCK : making cartographic materials accessible. LQ 2(2), pp. 192-208. 1990 
  • Vries, Dirk de: Automation of a mapcatalogue within the PICA-system: its evident profits and unsolved implications. LQ 2(2), pp. 137-143. 1990 

BUILDING

  • Bäärnhielm, Göran: Rebuilding the Royal Library, Stockholm. LQ 8(2), pp. 194-202. 1996
  • Elliot, James: The logistics of moving a map collection. LB 37, pp. 103-110. 1986 
  • Günzel, Hermann: Die Entwicklung von Richtlinien für die Einrichtung von Kartensammlungen. LB 37, pp. 89-94. 1986
  • Höhener, Hans-Peter: The problem of the map department within the construction of a new library: the case of the Zentralbibliothek Zürich. LQ 8(2), pp. 203-211. 1996
  • Pelletier, Monique & Marie-France Dumoulin: De nouveaux chantiers pour le Département des Cartes et Plans de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France. LQ 8(2), pp. 172-177. 1996
  • Szaniawska, Lucyna: The new map department in the National Library of Poland and the first steps to the automation of cataloguing its colle ctions. LQ 13(2003).
  • Wawrik, Franz: Remoddeling of the Map Department and Globe Museum of the Austrian National Library. LB 28, pp. 63-65. 1984 
  • Werner, Jan: Planning the new map library: the Amsterdam University Library case. LQ 8(2), pp. 212-222. 1996

CATALOGUING, METADATA, BIBLIOGRAPHY, INDEX-MAPPING, AND OPAC

  • Ahonen, Paula (2002): Metadata of geographic information (.pdf-file, to be read with Acrobat Reader 5.1 or higher). (Not published).
  • Bäärnhielm, Göran: Swedish National Bibliography: maps, plans and problems. LB 28, pp. 45-46. 1984
  • Babik, Wieslaw: Knowledge representation about map collection for information retrieval systems. LQ 9(2), pp. 172-179. 1998
  • Bühler, Jürg (2006): Toporama IMS – modern electronic information in the map collection
  • Campbell, Tony: Retroconversion of the British Library’s map catalogue – the art of the possible. LQ 3(1), pp. 1-6. 1992
  • Clement-Van Alkemade, Riet: Map cataloguing and automation in The Netherlands: from amateur to professional. LB 28, pp. 13-16. 1984 
  • Davies, Robert and Donald Moore: Cataloguing a large collection of manuscript maps; a system developed at the National Library of Wales. LB 22, pp. 8-9. 1982 
  • Duchemin, Pierre-Yves: Retroconversion of French cartographic material card catalogues – an overview of the situation. LQ 3(1), pp. 37-40. 1992
  • Dziemianczuk, Elzbieta: Numerical list/catalogue of the topographical and geological multisheet maps from Silesia Region ( 1850 – 1950 ) in VIRTUA system and development of contents on these maps. 2006.
  • Fleet, Chris: Life beyond the paper graphic index: evaluating new geographic retrieval technologies for the future map library . LQ 18(2), pp 255-270. 2008
  • Kalf, Ruth: An opportunity for map collections and map users? LQ 18(2), pp 276-291. 2008
  • Milis-Proost, Greta: Experiencing the retro-conversion of the Gent map catalogue. LQ 3(1), pp. 59-63. 1992
  • Schüler, Mechthild and Wolfgang Crom: GOKaRT: graphical online search tool for maps. LQ 18(2), pp 299-303. 2008)
  • Schueler, Mechthild: SSG-Fachinformation im Internet: dargestellt am Beispiel des SSG 28.2 ‘Angewandte Karten’. LQ 8(2), pp. 146-157. 1996
  • Smits, Jan: Automation and multi-part description. LQ 2(2), pp. 128-136. 1990 
  • Smits, Jan: Describing digital maps with ISBD and MARC: problems and possible solutions. LQ 5(3), pp. 292-311. 1994
  • Smits, Jan: Frontiers of access to cartographic materials within a repository library. LB 28, pp. 34-39. 1984 
  • Smits, Jan: Report about developments in retroconversion from the Groupe des Cartothécaires de LIBER. LQ 3(1), pp. 90-96. 1992
  • Szaniawska, Lucyna: Cartographic materials registered in Polish bibliographies published in the years 1846-2008 as testimonies of their times.
  • Szaniawska, Lucyna: The Polish National Bibliography of Cartographic Materials – the first year. 2006.
  • Szaniawska, Lucyna: Project to include Index Sheets in the Polish National Bibliography of Cartographic Materials. 2004
  • Vejlsgaard, Susan: Retro-conversion by keyboarding of the Danish National Bibliography, Cartographic Materials 1986-1990. LQ 3(1), pp. 97-108. 1992
  • Vries, Dirk de: Shall we catalogue the map or classify its information? LB 28, pp. 6-10. 1984 

CLASSIFICATION

  • Archier, Edwige: Les nouvelles règles des mots-matières utilisées à la Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris et leur application aux documents cartographiques, LB 28, pp. 30-33. 1984
  • Babik, Wieslaw: Pragmatic model of lexical material organization for faceted classification of cartographic materials. (Not published) 1990 
  • Snellenberg, Han: A comprehensive classification system for cartographic information. LB 28, pp. 40-44. 1984 

COLLECTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS

  • Bos, E.S.: The Netherlands Society for Cartography (NVK) and its Map Curators’ Group. LB 28, pp. 4-5. 1984 
  • Bzinkowska, Jadwiga: The most valuable cartographic items from the collection of the Jagiellonian Library and their impact on scientific research. LQ 2(1), pp. 185-195. 1988 
  • Colomar Albajar, Maria Antonia: Diffusion et promotion des documents cartographiques en Espagne – les Archives des Indes de Seville (l’A.G.I.). LQ 3(1), pp. 7-22. 1992
  • Feijao, Maria Joaquina: The Cartographic Department of the Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro – its present situation and tendencies. LQ 3(1), pp. 41-51. 1992
  • Häkli, Esko: Map Collections as national treasures. LQ 13. 2003
  • Moore Patricia: The Clamorgan Record Office. LB 22, pp. 5-7. 1982 
  • Szykula, Krystyna: The cartographic collection of the Wroclaw University Library – its nature and usefulness for readers. LQ 2(1), pp. 201-210. 1988 

CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION

  • Baynes Cope, A.D.: The conservation of maps. LB 12, pp. 88-97. 1978 
  • Barber, Peter: Binding versus map : conservation problems of a newly discovered mappemonde – general considerations. LB 37, pp. 95-101. 1986 
  • Bühler, Jürg: Die Aufbewahrung von Karten in Hängemappen : Erfahrungen mit der Vertikallagerung von Karten in der Kartensammlung der ETH-Bibliothek Zürich. LB 37, pp. 63-77. 1986 
  • Cernajsek, Tillfried: Probleme der Aufbewahrung und Konservierung von Karten an einer kleinen Fachbibliothek am Beispiel der Bibliothek der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. LB 37, pp. 53-56. 1986 
  • Danckaert. Lisette: Conservation et tentative de préservation de plans cadastraux du XIXe siècle. LB 22, pp. 18-19. 1982 
  • Duranthon, Marc: Mésures de sauvegarde de documents rares à la Cartothéque de l’Institut Géographique National à Paris. LB 15, pp. 47-48. 1980
  • Fackelmann, Michael: Das restaurieren von kartographischen Blättern aus Atlanten. LB 37, pp. 37-44. 1986
  • Höhener, Hans-Peter: Die Aufbewahrung der Karten in der Zentralbibliothek Zürich. LB 37, 57-61. 1986 
  • Lindgren, Margareta: The Department of Maps and Prints at the University Library of Uppsala; storage and conservation problems. LB 22, p. 10. 1982 
  • Lindgren, Margareta: New initiatives in Sweden on a national level regarding paper and map conservation. LB 37, pp. 21-26. 1986 
  • Milis-Proost, Greta: Map conservation in the University Library of Ghent. LB 37, pp. 33-36. 1986 
  • Milis-Proost, Greta: Résultats de cinq ans de restauration de cartes à la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Gand. LB 22, pp. 11-14. 1982
  • Paterson, John: Map conservation in a collection of modern maps: problems and justification (summary). LB 22, pp. 17. 1982 
  • Pelletier, Monique: Les problèmes de conservation au Département des Cartes et Plans de la Bibliothèque National [à Paris]. LB 22, pp. 15-16. 1982
  • Terrell, Christopher: A system for the storage and display of manuscript charts on vellum. LB 22, pp. 20-22. 1982 
  • Tohver, Margit: Préservation et les possibilités d’usage les techniques modernes dans les principales cartothéques de l’Estonie. LQ 9(2), pp. 252-254. 1998
  • Vejlsgaard, Susan: Our attempts to solve storage and conservation problems at the Royal Library Map Room despite limited space and lack of economic means. LB 37, pp. 27-32. 1986 
  • Vries, Dirk de: Map storage in the new Leiden University Library. LB 37, pp. 45-51. 1986
  • Wawrik, Franz: Konservatorische Erwägungen bei der Einrichtung des neuen Globenmuseums der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek. LB 37, pp. 13-20. 1986 

DIGITIZING

  • Egmond, Marco van: Dutch thematic maps on the web. 2006
  • Lenschau-Teglers, Annie & Vivi Gade Rønsberg: Digitised Maps in the Danish Map Collection. LQ 15(2005)1, pp. 45-48. 2004
  • Loiseaux, Olivier: Les collections cartographiques numérisées de la BnF. 2004 (Forth.)
  • Tohver, Margit : La numérisation de la cartothèque de la Bibliothèque nationale d’Estonie. LQ 15(2005)1, pp. 2004

EDUCATION

  • Bauer, Theo and Jürg Bühler, Wolfgang Crom: Map ‘webucation’: using the World Wide Web for the continuing education of map librarians. LQ 10(4), pp. 499-503. 2000
  • Smits, Jan: Developments in professional schooling for curators of map collections and topographical-historical atlases in The Netherlands. LB 37, pp. 1-11. 1986 
  • Wawrik, Franz: Basic and continued training of map curators. LQ 3(1), pp. 109-116. 1992

ELECTRONIC MAPS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

  • Asche, Hartmut: Mapping and map use in the age of information technology. LQ 8(2), pp. 127-135. 1996
  • Bäärnhielm, Göran: Digital cartography in the Royal Library – the National Library of Sweden. LQ 9(2), pp. 162-166. 1998
  • Bäärnhielm, Göran: The national PC-atlas of Sweden. LQ 5(3), pp. 245-248. 1994
  • Babik, Wieslaw & Halina Sowa-Babik: Cartographic materials as a means of multimedia communication. LQ 9(2), pp. 180-188. 1998
  • Bühler, Jürg: Digital maps in map collections – presenting new electronic media. LQ 9(2), pp. 228-234. 1998
  • Cichociski, Piotr: Digital cadastral maps in Land Information Systems. LQ 9(2), pp. 211-221. 1998
  • Fleet, Chris: Distributing images and information over the Web – a case study of the Pont manuscript maps. LQ 10(4), pp. 516-528. 2000
  • Hurni, Lorenz: Digital cartographic and topographic products from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography. LQ 5(3), pp. 249-254. 1994
  • Kaminsky, V.I. and N.E. Kotelnikova: The development of digital cartography in Russia and the usage of digital maps in the Russian State Library. LQ 5(3), pp. 342-347. 1994
  • Kotelnikova,Natalya & Ludmila Kildyushevskaya: Development of Geographic Information Systems and their use in National Libraries of Russia. 2004 (Forth.)
  • Kotelnikova, N., and L. Kildushevskaja: Electronic maps and atlases in the Russian State Library and the Russian National Library. LQ 10(4), pp. 485-488. 2000
  • Millea, Nick: Delivering digital data into the library: the Digimap project and its impact on the Map Room – the Bodleian Library experience. LQ 9(2), pp. 189-200. 1998
  • Ormeling, Ferjan: Mapping out map libraries. LQ 18(2), pp 238-254. 2008
  • Rajalin. Jere (2002) : MapSite – an Internet map service of the National Land Survey of Finland gets dressed up with modern technology. LQ 13()2003. 2002
  • Spiess, Ernst: Some problems with the use of electronic atlases. LQ 5(3), pp. 235-244. 1994
  • Trafas, Kazimierz: New types of the regional atlases (on the example of the Kraków Voivodeship computer atlas). LQ 9(2), pp. 201-210. 1998
  • Zaugg, Hans-Ulrich and Valérie Borioli Sandoz: GEOSTAT, The service for spatial data in the Swiss federal administration. LQ 5(3), pp. 255-261. 1994

HISTORY

  • Briså, Benedicte Gamsborg (2002): National Library of Norway’s new data base of 22 manuscript maps concerning the Swedish King Charles XII’s campaign in Norway in 1716 and 1718. LQ 13. 2003
  • Campbell, Tony: Where are map libraries heading? Some route maps for the digital future. LQ 10(4), pp. 489-498. 2000
  • Herbert, Francis: A current international bibliography of the literature of the history of cartography on the WWW: of Whom, by Whom, and for Whom? LQ 10(4), pp. 528-538. 2000
  • Jacobs, Els M.: Lucas Jansz. Waghenaer Van Enckhuyzen (1533/4-1606): his impact on maritime cartography. LB 28, pp. 66-68. 1984 
  • Montaner i Garcia, M. Carme: Organization of seminars on the history of cartography, as promotion for the Cartoteca de Catalunya. LQ 3(1), pp. 64-66. 1992

LEGAL DEPOSIT see: ARCHIVING (ELECTRONIC)
REPRODUCTION

  • Goffinet, Patrick: Les archives cartographiques du SHOM : un programme de microfiches de sécurité. LB 15, pp. 35-46. 1980 
  • Goulard, Claude: La microfiche en couleur: mythe ou réalité?. LB 15, pp. 49-53. 1980 
  • Gubler, Martin and Thomas Klöti: The colour microfilm as preliminary stage of digital maps. LQ 5(3), pp. 287-291. 1994
  • Kildushevskaya, Ludmila & ; Natalia Kotelnikova: Problems of preservation and accessibility of cartographic publications in the National Libraries of Russia. LQ 13. 2002
  • Pelletier, M.: Map microreproduction : goals and techniques : national and international prospects. LB 12, pp. 98-104. 1978
  • Pelletier, Monique: Map microfiches in the French National Library : a new programme. LB 37, pp. 83-87. 1986 
  • Ruitinga, Lida: Facsimile maps and atlases and their function in the Map Collection of the University Library of the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. LQ 3(1), pp. 77-89. 1992
  • Smits, Jan: The topographic record of The Netherlands 1800-1992 for sale. The Cartographic Journal, journal of the British Cartographic Society, Vol. 30(1), pp. 30-39. 1992
  • Tanazacq, Noël: La réproduction des cartes et des plans à la Bibliothèque Nationale [à Paris]. LB 15, pp. 31-34. 1980 
  • Tyacke, Sarah: The types of photographic process applied to maps in the British Library Map Library: a survey of existing facilities and future developments. LB 15, pp. 21-30. 1980 
  • Wawrik, Franz: Experiments in photographing old globes. LB 15, pp. 54-58. 1980 

RESTORATION see: CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION
SERVICES

  • Kildusheskala, Ludmila & Natalya Kotelnikova: New technologies in Russian cartographic libraries. LQ 9(2), pp. 167-171. 1998
  • Kotelnikova, Natalya & Ludmilla Kildushevskaja: Putting previously inaccessible Russian maps of the 18th and 19th century into the scientific circulation. LQ 8(2), pp. 223-226. 1996
  • Milis-Proost, Greta: Map-use and user habits in the University Library of Gent. LQ 3(1), pp. 53-58. 1990
  • Millea, Nick: The LIBER Groupe des Carthothécaires Map Library Usage Survey, Summer 2003: a Mandate for Change? LQ 15(2005)1. 2004
  • Parry, R.B.: The electronic map library: new maps, new users, new uses. LQ 5(3), pp. 262-273. 1994
  • Patay, Klara: Map usage in Hungary. LQ 2(1), pp. 182-184. 1988 
  • Smits, Jan: Can a map be a geographic information retrieval tool? LQ 10(4), pp. 504-515. 2000
  • Smits, Jan: Report on the ‘Inquiry into map-use and user-habits’. LQ 3, pp. 283-310. 1988
  • Smits, Jan: A third level access approach: collection profiles. LQ 8(2), pp. 178-193. 1996
  • Stevenson, Bill: Servicing Map Users at Aalborg University Library. LQ 10(4), pp. 454-464. 2000
  • Tatham, Andrew: Can the map curator adapt? LQ 5(3), pp. 330-336. 1994
  • Vries, Dirk de: The map librarian as intermediary between collection and user. LQ 2(1), pp. 175-181. 1988 
  • Wawrik, Franz: User policy at the Austrian National Library’s collection. LQ 2(1), pp. 196-200. 1988 

TRANSITION FROM ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL

  • Cobb, David : Crossroads – Bridging the Digital Divide. LQ 15(2005)1, pp. 16-27. 2004
  • Egmond, Marco van: Digital cartographic data in the Utrecht University Library : archiving and accessibility. 2008
  • Fleet, Christopher: The role of computer technology in the future map library. LQ 8(2), pp. 136-145. 1996
  • Korsgaard, Peter: From map curator to information manager or the last of the dinosaurs. LQ 18(2), pp 292-298. 2008
  • McGlamery, Patrick: Maps and spatial information: changes in the map library. LQ 5(3), 229-234. 1994
  • Moore, John: Digital Map Soup: what’s Cooking in British Academic Libraries and are we helping our Users? LQ 15(2005)1, pp. 34-44. 2004
  • Moore, John N.: The future of the map library and the map librarian. LQ 18(2), pp 227-237. 2008
  • Perkins, Chris: Leave it to the labs? Options for the future of map and spatial data collections. LQ 5(3), pp. 312-329. 1994
  • Smits, Jan: The necessity and nuisance of survival, or how to keep to our senses. LQ 9(2), pp. 140-148. 1998

WORLD WIDE WEB

  • Bühler, Jürg: Map collections and the Internet: some ideas about various online map services, based on the ETH map collection in Zürich. LQ 10(4), pp. 465-479. 2000
  • Crom, Wolfgang: A map collection in the Internet. LQ 9(2), pp. 222-227. 1998
  • Fleet, Christopher: Web-mapping Applications for Accessing Library Collections: Case Studies using ESRI’s ArcIMS at the National Library of Scotland. 2004 (Forth.)
  • Klöti, Thomas: Map librarianship and the WWW – Developments in Switzerland. LQ 8(2), pp. 166-171. 1996
  • Morris, Barbara and David Medyckyj-Scott and Peter Burnhill: EDINA Digimap: New developments in the Internet mapping and data service for the UK Higher Education community. LQ 10(4), pp. 445-453. 2000
  • Nypelseer, Pierre van: RAINBOW project: end user production of thematic maps on the World Wide Web from distributed statistical databases. LQ 8(2), pp. 158-165. 1996
  • Oddens, Roelof: Four years of Oddens’ Bookmarks: The Fascinating World of Maps and Mapping. LQ 10(4), pp. 480-488. 2000